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CThe term“Pygmalion effect”was coined(创造新词） in reference to studies done in the1960s on the influence of teacher expectations on students' IQs. The studies asked if teachershad high expectations, would those expectations become self-fulfilling prophecies (预言)regardless of initial IQs? In that particular case, years of debate and analysis have resulted inthe conclusion that the effectswere slight.However, the concept of the Pygmalion effect—expectations influencing performance andbecoming self-fulfilling propheciesis widespread. Many people have stories of achievingsomething just because someone had especiallyhigh expectations of them.The Pygmalion effect suggests our reality is negotiable and can be influenced by others-on purpose or by accident: What we achieve, how we think, how we act, and how we perceiveour capabilities can be affected by the expectations of those around us.An interesting use of the Pygmalion effect might be that which is suggested by George BernardShaw's play Pygmalion. In it, Professor Henry Higgins takes a poor flower seller from the streets,Eliza Doolittle, and by giving her lessons helps her sound like a duchess(公爵夫人).Being able towould otherwiseneverhave.Eliza finally appears to be a duchess as Higgins wishes.Theexpectations people have of us affect us in countless subtle(微妙的） ways each day. Like ElizaDoolittle, those expectations affect the opportunities we are offered,how we are spoken to, and thepraise and criticism we receive.Individually, these may have minimal impact. In the long run, however, they mightdecide whether we will succeed or fail or fall somewhere in between.The Pygmalion effect is best understood as a reminder to be mindful of the potentialinfluence of our expectations. Even if the effect is small, having high expectations in manysituations can only inspire others regarding their own capabilities. People's limitations can bestretched if you change your perception of their limitations. A lot of what we accomplish inlife is done in groups. If you want the people around you to have success, you can try raising 23. What is the function of the first paragraph?A. To explain a concept.B. To analyze students' IQs.C. To emphasize teachers' expectations.D. To introduce self-fulfilling prophecies.24. What does the author think of the Pygmalion effect?A. It can decrease people's initial IQs.B. It takes effect only in the field of education.C. Others’ expectations can affect people's performance.D. Our capabilities can only be influenced by others'purposeful expectations.25.Why does Professor Henry Higgins take the poor flower seller from the streets?B. To introduce her to a duchess to give her opportunities.C. To give her advice on how to sell her flowers well.D. To offer her some money to assist her family.26. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. The advantages of fitting neatly into a group.B.The ways of being aware ofpeople's limitations.C. The benefits of having high expectations on others.D. The consequences of not having confidence in oneself.DMOSCOW—Moscowunveiled(揭幕）a themedmetrotrainonWednesday tomarkthestart of the Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year according to the lunar calendar.Speaking at a ceremony celebrating the launch of the train, Chinese Ambassador toRussia Zhang Hanhui noted that the Spring Festival is gaining popularity in Russia, becomingan important part of Moscow's cultural life and a bright symbol of the friendship between thetwo countries. “The train, decorated with elements of the Chinese Spring Festival, will【高二下学期期中考试·英语第4页（共8页）】25069B